PRP Therapy for Musculoskeletal Conditions: What You Need to Know
PUBLISHED ON:
October 7, 2025
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Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a regenerative option increasingly used for joint and tendon problems. Here’s an evidence-based look at what it can — and can’t — do.
What is PRP?
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is prepared from a small sample of your own blood. The sample is centrifuged to concentrate platelets, which release growth factors and signaling molecules that may support tissue repair and modulate inflammation. PRP is autologous (from your own body), which reduces the risk of immune rejection.
Common uses
- Knee osteoarthritis (early–moderate)
- Tendinopathies: tennis elbow, Achilles tendinopathy, plantar fasciitis
- Rotator cuff tendinopathy and some shoulder problems
- Selected ligament or meniscal applications and as a surgical adjunct
What does the evidence say?
Recent meta-analyses and systematic reviews show PRP can reduce pain and improve function for many patients—particularly with knee osteoarthritis and some tendon conditions. Study methods vary, however, and that variability contributes to inconsistent results between trials.
Why results vary
- PRP preparation is not standardized—different platelet and leukocyte concentrations produce different biologic effects.
- Activation methods (calcium, thrombin, or none) change release timing of growth factors.
- Patient selection and disease severity influence outcomes.
- Different outcome measures and follow-up lengths make direct comparisons difficult.
The procedure
Typical steps include a blood draw, centrifugation, and ultrasound-guided injection of PRP into the affected area. Visits usually take under 90 minutes. Mild soreness and swelling for 48–72 hours is common.
Risks & contraindications
PRP is generally low risk but not risk-free. Possible complications include transient pain flare, infection (rare), and needle-related injury. PRP is usually avoided in patients with active infection, certain blood disorders, or uncontrolled medical conditions.
Cost & insurance
Costs vary and many insurers consider PRP investigational for certain uses—so it may be out-of-pocket. Confirm coverage with your insurer and request a full cost estimate from the clinic.
Choosing a provider
- Seek clinicians experienced in PRP (orthopedics, sports medicine, physiatry).
- Ask about PRP prep method, leukocyte concentration, and whether ultrasound guidance is used.
- Avoid clinics that promise guaranteed “regeneration” or miraculous recovery.
